POTENSI PROBIOTIK UNTUK MENCEGAH PENULARAN COVID-19 MELALUI PENINGKATAN KEKEBALAN TUBUH MANUSIA

Emma Riftyan, Usman Pato, Dewi Fortuna Ayu, Evy Rossi

Abstract


Pandemi COVID-19 yang awalnya bermula di Wuhan Cina begitu cepat menyebar ke lebih dari 206 negara termasuk Indonesia. Penggunaan vaksin merupakan suatu tindakan preventif yang cukup efektif dalam pencegahan penularan COVID-19. COVID-19 disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV-2 yang merupakan hasil mutasi dari SARS-CoV yang memiliki sifat virulensi yang lebih tinggi dan menyebar lebih cepat. Terhitung pada tanggal 7 April 2020, jumlah orang yang terinfeksi telah mencapai lebih 1.352.045 orang di antaranya 76.328 orang meninggal dunia. Walaupun belum ada obat khusus untuk mengobati COVID-19, namun pemberian obat misalnya remdesivir, fapilavir dan chloroquin fosfat dapat menyembuhkan 293.665 orang pasien. Selain tindakan terapi, tindakan preventif seperti peningkatan kekebalan tubuh merupakan langkah yang penting untuk mencegah penularan berbagai jenis penyakit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa probiotik dapat meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh melalui crosstalk antara probiotik dan mukosa usus. Interaksi antara probiotik dan mukosa usus dapat meningkatkan pembentukan limfosit yaitu sel B dan sel T, interleukin utamanya IL-10 dan IL-1β, imunoglobulin terutama IgA, sel NK dan sel Th-17. Pembentukan komponen ini secara langsung akan meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh terhadap penularan berbagai penyakit termasuk COVID-19.


Keywords


Probiotik; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; kekebalan tubuh; pandemi

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